{"id":1796,"date":"2026-10-22T14:02:36","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viasathistory.eu\/?p=1796"},"modified":"2026-10-22T14:02:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T13:02:41","slug":"skarby-faraonow-egiptu-wyscig-po-nie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viasathistory.eu\/pl\/blog\/egypts-pharaonic-treasures-race-to-claim-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Skarby faraon\u00f3w Egiptu i wy\u015bcig po nie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\">W XIX wieku mieli\u015bmy do czynienia z jedn\u0105 z najbardziej gor\u0105czkowych rywalizacji intelektualnych i imperialnych w historii: wy\u015bcigiem o odkrywanie, przejmowanie i wywo\u017cenie zabytk\u00f3w staro\u017cytnego Egiptu. <a href=\"\/pl\/programy\/poszukiwacze-zaginionych-faraonow\/\" target=\"_self\">Poszukiwacze zaginionych faraon\u00f3w<\/a> debiutuje na kanale Viasat History pierwszym sezonem, wykorzystuj\u0105c dramatyczne rekonstrukcje i efekty wizualne 3D, by opowiedzie\u0107 o epoce, w kt\u00f3rej europejskie mocarstwa zamieni\u0142y Dolin\u0119 Nilu w pole walki o odkrycia, ambicje i jawne grabie\u017ce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kiedy Europa zawita\u0142a nad Nilem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kampania egipska Napoleona z 1798 roku nie tylko zmieni\u0142a oblicze historii wojskowo\u015bci. Wywo\u0142a\u0142a ona r\u00f3wnie\u017c og\u00f3lnoeuropejsk\u0105 fascynacj\u0119 cywilizacj\u0105 faraon\u00f3w. Francuscy uczeni towarzysz\u0105cy ekspedycji z niespotykan\u0105 dot\u0105d skrupulatno\u015bci\u0105 dokumentowali \u015bwi\u0105tynie, grobowce i hieroglify, a wyniki swoich bada\u0144 opublikowali w monumentalnym dziele <em>Opis Egiptu<\/em>. W ci\u0105gu kilku dziesi\u0119cioleci brytyjscy, francuscy, w\u0142oscy i niemieccy agenci rywalizowali ze sob\u0105 otwarcie, a czasem nawet brutalnie, o najbardziej po\u017c\u0105dane zabytki Egiptu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viasathistory.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/c6bc3004-a557-47db-ad20-a4f7cf5a62d4-_PERNEL_MEDIA_RAIDERS_EP06_19-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cienka granica mi\u0119dzy odkrywaniem a grabie\u017c\u0105<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To, co odr\u00f3\u017cnia\u0142o pionierskiego egiptologa od grabie\u017ccy, by\u0142o cz\u0119sto kwesti\u0105 punktu widzenia i patronatu. Giovanni Belzoni, by\u0142y si\u0142acz cyrkowy, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 poszukiwaczem zabytk\u00f3w, wtargn\u0105\u0142 do grobowc\u00f3w przy u\u017cyciu prymitywnych metod i przetransportowa\u0142 kolosalny popiersie Ramzesa II, znane jako M\u0142odszy Memnon, do British Museum na zlecenie brytyjskiego konsula Henry\u2019ego Salta. Tymczasem Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Champollion, kt\u00f3ry w 1822 roku wykorzysta\u0142 Kamie\u0144 z Rosetty do rozszyfrowania hieroglif\u00f3w, opowiada\u0142 si\u0119 za ochron\u0105 egipskich zabytk\u00f3w, cho\u0107 sam r\u00f3wnie\u017c zabra\u0142 niekt\u00f3re z nich do Francji. Napi\u0119cie mi\u0119dzy tymi dwoma impulsami przewija si\u0119 przez ca\u0142y ten okres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konsulowie, poborcy podatkowi i konserwatorzy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Auguste Mariette jest prawdopodobnie najbardziej z\u0142o\u017con\u0105 postaci\u0105 tamtej epoki. Za\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 egipsk\u0105 S\u0142u\u017cb\u0119 Staro\u017cytno\u015bci oraz muzeum, kt\u00f3re przekszta\u0142ci\u0142o si\u0119 w Muzeum Egipskie w Kairze, chroni\u0105c zabytki przed wywozem za granic\u0119, jednak jego w\u0142asne wykopaliska zosta\u0142yby uznane za wysoce inwazyjne wed\u0142ug wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnych standard\u00f3w. Henry Salt, brytyjski konsul generalny, otwarcie wykorzystywa\u0142 swoj\u0105 pozycj\u0119 do gromadzenia zbior\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re p\u00f3\u017aniej zosta\u0142y sprzedane do British Museum i Luwru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak wy\u015bcig o zabytki ukszta\u0142towa\u0142 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesn\u0105 egiptologi\u0119<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W XIX-wiecznej gor\u0105czce rywalizacji, obok niszczycielskich skutk\u00f3w, pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c autentyczne osi\u0105gni\u0119cia naukowe. Rozszyfrowanie hieroglif\u00f3w, pierwsze badania Doliny Kr\u00f3l\u00f3w oraz pocz\u0105tki archeologii instytucjonalnej \u2013 wszystko to wy\u0142oni\u0142o si\u0119 z tego burzliwego okresu. Dzisiejsze debaty na temat repatriacji, w tym nieustanne starania Egiptu o odzyskanie obiekt\u00f3w przechowywanych w europejskich muzeach, s\u0105 bezpo\u015bredni\u0105 konsekwencj\u0105 decyzji podj\u0119tych w tamtej epoce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/viasathistory.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/59fde21b-bdc0-4e31-8f5f-56dce38899d2-_PERNEL_MEDIA_RAIDERS_EP05_06-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gdzie ogl\u0105da\u0107<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ogl\u0105daj:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Od poniedzia\u0142ku do pi\u0105tku<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2 listopada 2026 r. \u2013 9 listopada 2026 r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>22:00 CET<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"\/pl\/program-tv\/\">Zobacz pe\u0142ny program telewizyjny<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Najcz\u0119\u015bciej zadawane pytania: Wy\u015bcig o zabytki w Egipcie w XIX wieku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Pytanie: Czy XIX-wiecznych egiptolog\u00f3w uwa\u017cano w\u00f3wczas za naukowc\u00f3w, czy za poszukiwaczy skarb\u00f3w?<\/strong><br>Odpowied\u017a: Za jedno i drugie, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od tego, kogo si\u0119 o to pyta\u0142o. Wielu z nich pracowa\u0142o jako agenci konsul\u00f3w i kolekcjoner\u00f3w, podczas gdy uczeni zaciekle dyskutowali na temat stosowanych przez nich metod. Granica mi\u0119dzy starannymi wykopaliskami a oportunistycznym wydobywaniem rzadko by\u0142a wyra\u017ana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph translation-block\"><strong>Pytanie: Co sta\u0142o si\u0119 ze zabytkami wywiezionymi z Egiptu w tym okresie?<\/strong><br>Odpowied\u017a: Wiele z nich trafi\u0142o do najwi\u0119kszych europejskich kolekcji, takich jak British Museum i Luwr, gdzie znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 do dzi\u015b. Egipt wielokrotnie apelowa\u0142 o zwrot najwa\u017cniejszych eksponat\u00f3w, dzi\u0119ki czemu dziedzictwo tej epoki wci\u0105\u017c pojawia si\u0119 na pierwszych stronach gazet.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rival European powers raced to claim Egypt&#8217;s ancient treasures in the 19th century. 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